Karen, thank you so much for your quick reply. I meet with this student tonight, and these responses are helpful as well as your support for the project. My personal interest is for the long term impact on children who have witnessed their pets abused in domestic confrontations. I understand that 60% of women in shelters say their pets were abused. They stay to protect them. Also, the children at the shelter (30?%) report that they witnessed it as well. A percentage of those grow up to abuse and or kill their animals. Very sad. I want to work with veterinarians to be aware of abusive interactions and how to report it. Thank you.