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ACEs Research Corner — August 2019

 

[Editor's note: Dr. Harise Stein at Stanford University edits a web site -- abuseresearch.info -- that focuses on the health effects of abuse, and includes research articles on ACEs. Every month, she's posting  the summaries of the abstracts and links to research articles that address only ACEs. Thank you, Harise!! — Jane Stevens]

Clemens V, Berthold O, Witt A, et. al.
Child maltreatment is mediating long-term consequences of household dysfunction. Eur Psychiatry. 2019 May;58:10-18. PMID: 30743239
From a national German survey, ACEs linked to household dysfunction were associated with increased risk for all subtypes of child maltreatment: household member mental illness (Odds Ratio for child maltreatment 4.95-5.55), substance misuse (OR 5.32-6.98), violence against the mother (OR 4.43-10.26), incarceration (OR 6.11 – 14.93), and parental separation (OR 3.37-4.87).

Ports KA, Holman DM, Guinn AS, et. al.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Presence of Cancer Risk Factors in Adulthood: A Scoping Review of the Literature From 2005 to 2015. J Pediatr Nurs. 2019 Jan - Feb;44:81-96. PMID: 30683285
This review highlights the growing body of research connecting ACEs to cancer risk factors, particularly alcohol, obesity, and tobacco, with fewer studies investigated the links between ACEs and chronic inflammation or infectious agents. Not included are publications investigating associations between ACEs and environmental carcinogens, hormones, immunosuppression, radiation, or ultraviolet radiation. “Mitigating the impact of ACEs may provide innovative ways to effect comprehensive, upstream cancer prevention.” 

Bürgin D, O'Donovan A, d'Huart D, et. al.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Telomere Length a Look Into the Heterogeneity of Findings-A Narrative Review. Front Neurosci. 2019 May 22;13:490. PMID: 31191214
Analysis of the sometimes conflicting findings in research relating ACEs and telomere length (TL) — a measure of cellular aging.  “Overall, the studies indicated a negative association between ACEs and TL, although many papers presented mixed findings and about a quarter of eligible studies found no association.” 

Campbell JA, Farmer GC, Nguyen-Rodriguez S, et. al.
Relationship between individual categories of adverse childhood experience and diabetes in adulthood in a sample of US adults: Does it differ by gender? J Diabetes Complications. 2018 Feb;32(2):139-143. PMID: 29217352
Of 48,526 adults across 5 states, four categories of ACEs were associated with increased risk of adult diabetes, with no difference in gender — sexual abuse, verbal abuse, physical abuse, and having a parent with mental illness.

Vaughn MG, Salas-Wright CP, Huang J, et. al.
Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Immigrants to the United States. J Interpers Violence. 2017 May;32(10):1543-1564. PMID: 26112971
From a national survey, “With the exception of neglect, the prevalence of ACEs were markedly higher among native-born Americans and second-generation immigrants compared with first-generation immigrants.”

Anthony RE, Paine AL, Shelton KH.
Adverse Childhood Experiences of Children Adopted from Care: The Importance of Adoptive Parental Warmth for Future Child Adjustment. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jun 22;16(12). pii: E2212. PMID: 31234480
For 374 British children adopted from care, 42% of the children had experienced 4+ ACEs. Mood and behavioral problems were significantly higher than the UK general population, but these outcomes were lessened by adoptive parental warmth.

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Harise Stein posted:

Hi Tina, I haven't seen a clear association such as x # of ACEs = y% of dissociation - there are so many contributing factors and people are unique.  One horrific event in a genetically or developmentally susceptible person, such as rape, may lead to dissociative symptoms vs. not in another person with a high ACE score.  In general, though the more trauma and ACEs the more likelihood of PTSD and dissociation.  I don't have time to go through these (first grandchild just born this morning!) but if you go to pubmed.gov and put in the PMID #s below you will get the abstract:

Thanks Harise, I will look at those references as well.

Hi Tina, I haven't seen a clear association such as x # of ACEs = y% of dissociation - there are so many contributing factors and people are unique.  One horrific event in a genetically or developmentally susceptible person, such as rape, may lead to dissociative symptoms vs. not in another person with a high ACE score.  In general, though the more trauma and ACEs the more likelihood of PTSD and dissociation.  I don't have time to go through these (first grandchild just born this morning!) but if you go to pubmed.gov and put in the PMID #s below you will get the abstract:

1: Fung HW, Ross CA, Yu CK, Lau EK. Adverse childhood experiences and
dissociation among Hong Kong mental health service users. J Trauma Dissociation.
2019 Jul-Sep;20(4):457-470. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2019.1597808. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
PubMed PMID: 30945625.


2: Frewen P, Zhu J, Lanius R. Lifetime traumatic stressors and adverse childhood
experiences uniquely predict concurrent PTSD, complex PTSD, and dissociative
subtype of PTSD symptoms whereas recent adult non-traumatic stressors do not:
results from an online survey study. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2019 May
8;10(1):1606625. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1606625. eCollection 2019. PubMed
PMID: 31105905; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6507912.


3: Rafiq S, Campodonico C, Varese F. The relationship between childhood
adversities and dissociation in severe mental illness: a meta-analytic review.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2018 Dec;138(6):509-525. doi: 10.1111/acps.12969. Epub 2018
Oct 18. PubMed PMID: 30338524.


4: Williams J, Bucci S, Berry K, Varese F. Psychological mediators of the
association between childhood adversities and psychosis: A systematic review.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2018 Nov;65:175-196. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.009. Epub 2018
Jun 2. PubMed PMID: 30243100.


5: Sun P, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Simpson K, Lawrence K, Peach N, Bendall S. Does
dissociation mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and
hallucinations, delusions in first episode psychosis? Compr Psychiatry. 2018
Jul;84:68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.04.004. Epub 2018 Apr 11. PubMed
PMID: 29694935.


6: Ross CA, Browning E. Altered states of consciousness among inpatients in a
Trauma Program. J Trauma Dissociation. 2018 Oct-Dec;19(5):596-606. doi:
10.1080/15299732.2018.1451807. Epub 2018 Mar 20. PubMed PMID: 29558288.


7: Altintas M, Bilici M. Evaluation of childhood trauma with respect to criminal
behavior, dissociative experiences, adverse family experiences and psychiatric
backgrounds among prison inmates. Compr Psychiatry. 2018 Apr;82:100-107. doi:
10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.12.006. Epub 2018 Jan 2. PubMed PMID: 29455144.


8: Reinders AATS, Chalavi S, Schlumpf YR, Vissia EM, Nijenhuis ERS, Jäncke L,
Veltman DJ, Ecker C. Neurodevelopmental origins of abnormal cortical morphology
in dissociative identity disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2018 Feb;137(2):157-170.
doi: 10.1111/acps.12839. Epub 2017 Dec 27. PubMed PMID: 29282709.

Tina Marie Hahn, MD posted:

Is there any information about the correlation between ACE Score and incidence of dissociation that you can share?   

 

Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Consequences on Neurobiological, Psychosocial, and Somatic Conditions Across the Lifespan
by JI Herzog - ‎2018 - ‎Cited by 12 - ‎Related articles
Sep 4, 2018 - Results: In adulthood, the history of ACE can result in complex clinical ..... Moreover, about half of the women experienced dissociation during childbirth, ... The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult medical ...
Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, High-Risk ...
Request PDF on ResearchGate | Associations Between Adverse Childhood ... Adverse Childhood Experiences, High-Risk Behaviors, and Morbidity in Adulthood ...... Traumatic experiences and dissociation in a non-clinical group of university ...
 
Tina Marie Hahn, MD posted:

Is there any information about the correlation between ACE Score and incidence of dissociation that you can share?    

Don't know of studies comparing ACES scores with incidence of dissociation.Let me know if you find some. I'll be looking for them too.

But there is a repeatedly noted high incidence of dissociation and trauma history in the so called Borderline Personality Disorder ( which I think would be more appropriately named " Toddler Attachment Wounding Disorder")

Here is an example:

Brodsky, B. S., Cloitre, M., & Dulit, R. A. (1995). Relationship of dissociation to self-mutilation and childhood abuse in borderline personality disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(12), 1788-1792.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.152.12.1788
 
And another:
JONES, B., HEARD, H., STARTUP, M., SWALES, M., WILLIAMS, J., & JONES, R. (1999). Autobiographical memory and dissociation in borderline personality disorder. Psychological Medicine, 29(6), 1397-1404. doi:10.1017/S0033291799001208
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