[Editor's note: Dr. Harise Stein at Stanford University edits a web site — abuseresearch.info — that focuses on the health effects of abuse, and includes research articles on ACEs. Every month, she posts the summaries of the abstracts and links to research articles that address only ACEs. Thank you, Harise!! -- Jane Stevens]
Jackson DB, Testa A, Vaughn MG.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and School Readiness Among Preschool-Aged Children. J Pediatr. 2021 Mar;230:191-197 PMID: 33242472
From a national survey, “Although nearly one-half of children who had not been exposed to ACEs were on-track across all domains, only 1 in 5 children exposed to 3 or more ACEs were on-track across all domains. Follow-up analyses identified parenting stress and reduced positive parenting practices as significant mediators of this association.”
Hamby S, Elm JHL, Howell KH, Merrick MT.
Recognizing the cumulative burden of childhood adversities transforms science and practice for trauma and resilience.Am Psychol. 2021 Feb-Mar;76(2):230-242. PMID: 33734791
Review of 20 years of research on ACEs, leading to understanding of resilience, positive childhood experiences, and poly-strengths from the individual, family, and community. This entire journal issue is relating to ACEs – Table of Contents with Abstracts.
Hays-Grudo J, Morris AS, Beasley L, et. al.
Integrating and synthesizing adversity and resilience knowledge and action: The ICARE model. Am Psychol. 2021 Feb-Mar;76(2):203-215. PMID: 33734789
“The intergenerational and cumulative adverse and resilient experiences (ICARE) model posits that the negative consequences of ACEs result from biological and behavioral adaptations to adversity that alter cognitive, social, and emotional development. These adaptations often have negative consequences in adulthood and may be transmitted to subsequent generations through epigenetic changes as well as behavioral and environmental pathways. The ICARE model also incorporates decades of resilience research.”
Weems CF, Russell JD, Herringa RJ, Carrion VG.
Translating the neuroscience of adverse childhood experiences to inform policy and foster population-level resilience. Am Psychol. 2021 Feb-Mar;76(2):188-202. PMID: 33734788
“An integrative term, Traumatic and Adverse Childhood Experiences (TRACEs) is proposed, alongside a revised adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) pyramid that emphasizes that a diversity of adverse experiences may lead to a common outcome and that a diversity of outcomes may result from a common adverse experience.”
Mosley-Johnson E, Campbell JA, Garacci E, et. al.
Stress that Endures: Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Daily Life Stress and Physical Health in Adulthood. J Affect Disord. 2021 Apr 1;284:38-43. PMID: 33582431
From a national survey, “ACEs are associated with increased report of daily stress as an adult, reported physical symptoms as a result of stress, and reports of poor negative affect [mood] in adulthood.”
Yellowlees P, Coate L, Misquitta R, Wetzel AE, Parish MB.
The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Burnout in a Regional Sample of Physicians. Acad Psychiatry. 2021 Apr;45(2):159-163. PMID: 33409937
Of 300 physicians surveyed as part of a larger group (6% of the total group), 46% scored positive to either of two burnout assessments. 49% reported 1 ACE and 9% 4+ ACEs. Those with 4+ ACEs had more than 2.5 times increased risk of burnout.
Lietzén R, Suominen S, Sillanmäki L, et. al.
Multiple adverse childhood experiences and asthma onset in adulthood: Role of adulthood risk factors as mediators. J Psychosom Res. 2021 Feb 4;143:110388. PMID: 33639528
Using health data from 21,902 Finnish adults, 34% reported 2+ ACEs, which was associated with 31% increased risk of adult asthma onset compared to 0 or 1 ACE. Adult factors that influenced this relationship were severe life events, smoking, allergic rhinitis, and obesity.
Campbell JA, Walker RJ, Garacci E, et. al.
Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and perceived discrimination in adulthood. J Affect Disord. 2020 Dec 1;277:999-1004. PMID: 33065845
After adjusting for household dysfunction, financial strain, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, and income, those adults out of 6,325 participants in a US national survey who reported ACEs, reported significantly higher perceived inequality in work, in home, in family relationships, and in perceived daily and lifetime discrimination.
O'Connor TG, Willoughby MT, Moynihan JA, et. al.
Early childhood risk exposures and inflammation in early adolescence. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 May;86:22-29. PMID: 31059804
From an ongoing study of at-risk families, “Results indicated limited but reliable evidence of an association between early risk exposure and inflammation in adolescence. Specifically, caregiver depressive symptoms in early childhood predicted elevated CRP [inflammatory marker] almost a decade later, and the prediction was significant after accounting for socio-economic adversity, health behaviors and body mass index.”
Noel-London K, Ortiz K, BeLue R.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) & youth sports participation: Does a gradient exist? Child Abuse Negl. 2021 Mar;113:104924. PMID: 33461113
“ACE exposure in adolescents is associated with reduced odds of sport participation. While sport is traditionally seen as an intervention for youth to build resilience, it may be prudent to consider targeted interventions that encourage sport participation in youth who experience ACEs.”
Hampton-Anderson JN, Carter S, Fani N, et. al.
Adverse childhood experiences in African Americans: Framework, practice, and policy. Am Psychol. 2021 Feb-Mar;76(2):314-325. PMID: 33734797
“Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) disproportionately impact African Americans because of profound subjection to historical-systemic oppression in addition to personal and intergenerational trauma exposure… We review the evidence base for culturally informed, preventive-interventions, as well as strategies capitalizing on cultural strengths that are salient in the African American community.”
Narayan AJ, Lieberman AF, Masten AS.
Intergenerational transmission and prevention of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Clin Psychol Rev. 2021 Feb 28;85:101997. PMID: 33689982
“This article provides an initial roadmap for research, practice, and policy efforts to more sharply focus on mechanisms underlying intergenerational transmission of ACEs and better inform translational efforts to prevent ACEs in children…National efforts to prevent ACEs in children would be enhanced by a better understanding of the risk pathways between parental ACEs and PTSD in addition to parental current depression, substance abuse, and IPV.”
Rog DJ, Reidy MC, Manian N, Daley TC, Lieberman L.
Opportunities for psychologists to enact community change through adverse childhood experiences, trauma, and resilience networks. Am Psychol. 2021 Feb-Mar;76(2):379-390. PMID: 33734802
“The emergence of multisector, community-based networks organized to address ACEs and trauma and foster resilience, or "ATR networks"…this article describes the structure, operation, and accomplishments of these networks.”
Cavanaugh SM, Branas CC, Formica MK.
Community-Engaged and Informed Violence Prevention Interventions. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2021 Apr;68(2):489-509. PMID: 33678301
“Community-based interventions to prevent violence are similar to other public health approaches in that they target a broad range of settings and sectors and emphasize collaboration…The evaluation of community-based interventions is challenging owing to the length of time required to see an impact, an obscured cost–benefit relationship, and the limited feasibility of conducting randomized controlled trials.”
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