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ACEs Research Corner - November 2018

 

[Editor's note: Dr. Harise Stein at Stanford University edits a web site -- abuseresearch.info -- that focuses on the health effects of abuse, and includes research articles on ACEs. Every month, she posts the summaries of the abstracts and links to research articles that address only ACEs. Thank you, Harise!! -- Jane Stevens]

Mitchell KJ, Nolte K, Turner HA, Hamby S, Jones LM.
Exposure to Medication Overdose as an Adversity in Childhood. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018 Jan - Feb;38:127-132. PMID: 28958454
From a nationally representative telephone survey, approximately 1 in 12 youth (8%) ages 10-17 have been exposed to medication overdose by someone close to them in their lifetimes.  This exposure is associated with youth personal alcohol use and also the existence of other major stressful events.

Merrick MT, Ford DC, Ports KA, Guinn AS.
Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences from the 2011-2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 23 States. JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Nov 1;172(11):1038-1044. PMID: 30242348
Using data from 214,157 adult respondents from 23 states, 61.55% had at least 1 ACE and 24.64% reported 3 or more ACEs. Significantly higher ACE exposures were reported by participants who identified as black, Hispanic, multiracial, less than a high school education, income less than $15,00/year, unemployed, unable to work, gay/lesbian, or bisexual.  Emotional abuse was the most prevalent ACE (34.42%) followed by parental separation or divorce (27.63%) and household substance abuse (27.56%).

Herzog JI, Schmahl C.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Consequences on Neurobiological, Psychosocial, and Somatic Conditions Across the Lifespan. Front Psychiatry. 2018 Sep 4;9:420. PMID: 30233435
In this review article, “ACEs are a complex etiological marker that appear to vary on impact in terms of type, timing and severity of maltreatment, together with a wide range of vulnerability and resilience cofactors…there has been a welcome increase of research on consequences of ACE on neurobiological, psychological and somatic issues…indicate an enduring effect of ACE on mental and physical health throughout the lifespan.”

Chandler GE, Kalmakis KA, Murtha T.
Screening Adults With Substance Use Disorder for Adverse Childhood Experiences. J Addict Nurs. 2018 Jul/Sep;29(3):172-178. PMID: 30180003
Thirty clients in a rehab program were screened for ACEs, with 82.8% reporting six or more.  “Notable findings from the interviews were the general lack of awareness of the relationship between ACEs and current substance use disorder among participants. Gaining knowledge about the impact of ACEs on their recovery seemed to provide a sense of relief and a feeling that they were ‘normal.’”

Alcalá HE, Tomiyama AJ, von Ehrenstein OS.
Gender Differences in the Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Cancer. Womens Health Issues. 2017 Nov - Dec;27(6):625-631. PMID: 28774479
In a national survey of 111,964 US adults, multiple different ACE types were associated with higher odds of cancer among women, but only childhood emotional abuse was associated with increased risk of cancer among men.

Schrepf A, Naliboff B, Williams DA, et. al.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Symptoms of Urologic Chronic  Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain Research Network Study. Ann Behav Med. 2018 Sep 13;52(10):865-877. PMID: 30212850
For 421 participants with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS), compared to community controls, ACE severity score was associated with UCPPS in women but not men, and included more diffuse pain, worse perceived physical well-being, and less likelihood of painful symptom improvement over one year.

Raleva M.
Early Life Stress: a Key Link between Childhood Adversity and Risk of Attempting Suicide. Psychiatr Danub. 2018 Sep;30(Suppl 6):341-347. PMID: 30235171
For 1277 Macedonian students, of whom 4.7% of females and 0.8% of males reported a suicide attempt, suicide attempts were more likely with 4 or more ACEs (3.8 times more likely), and ACEs of emotional abuse (2.4), substance abuse by a family member (2.2), domestic violence in the home (4.1) and incarcerated family member (3.4). 

Thurston H, Bell JF, Induni M.
Community-level Adverse Experiences and Emotional Regulation in Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018 Sep - Oct;42:25-33. PMID: 30219296
Using a large national dataset of 65,680 children aged 6 to 17 years, and asking about household as well as expanded community level ACEs, non-white children experiencing racism had the strongest negative effect of all ACE variables on emotional regulation. “We provide robust empirical evidence for the inclusion of community-level ACE indicators to the current health screening for ACEs, a change which would more accurately capture the adversity faced by all children but especially non-White children.” 

Brockie TN, Elm JHL, Walls ML.
Examining protective and buffering associations between sociocultural factors and adverse childhood experiences among American Indian adults with type 2 diabetes: a quantitative, community-based participatory research approach. BMJ Open. 2018 Sep 19;8(9):e022265. PMID: 30232110
Of 192 American Indian adults from 5 reservations with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, 81.9% had at least one ACE, and average was 3.05 ACEs.  Controlling for gender, age and income, ACEs were negatively associated with self-rated physical and mental health.  Effects of ACEs were reduced by positive social support, diabetes specific support, and spiritual activities. 

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