I have found the Prevention Institute's Adverse Community Experiences and Resilience (ACE/R) Framework to be most useful. Their website is here: https://www.preventioninstitut...ssing-and-preventing
Specifically, check out the, "What? Why? How? Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about the Adverse Community Experiences and Resilience Framework" which includes community trauma symptoms worksheets and commmunity resilience measures worksheets.
I am not well versed in the literature but from what I've read, the indicators measured at the “community” level (versus aggregated individual-level surveys or interviews) have historically been underrepresented in the research literature and are, therefore, difficult for practitioners and evaluators to find. Often times people use proxy measures like voter turnout for indicators of social capital, etc. As a practitioner, I've done a lot of work with the CDC's Division of Violence Prevention and they are very interested in this topic. Check out this 2018 article, "Indicators for Evaluating Community- and Societal-Level Risk and Protective Factors for Violence Prevention: Findings From a Review of the Literature" that addresses these challenges and has a link to a supplemental table with potential indicators. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cd...68/cdc_53168_DS1.pdf
Other sources for Neighborhood Safety, Cohesion and Connectedness
- The National Survey of Children’s Health has a module on Neighborhood and Community Characteristics with sub domains on social capital, neighborhood conditions, amenities, trust. These data are available at the census tract level under contract with Johns Hopkins, at the state level without. However, some health departments may have access to this raw data.
- The General Social Survey from NORC has reliable and long running (1972-2016) national data with a social capital module, as well as a community cohesion module. GSS geographic identification code files are made available to researchers under special contract with NORC.
- The National Health Interview Survey in 2013 and 2014 included 4 questions on neighborhood social cohesion, 1) People in this neighborhood help each other out; 2) There are people I can count on in this neighborhood; 3) People in this neighborhood can be trusted; and 4) This is a close-knit neighborhood. Participant responses were then reverse coded (eg, definitely agree was assigned a value of 4 instead of 1); thus a higher score equated higher neighborhood social cohesion. A neighborhood social cohesion score was constructed by summing the responses to the questions, with a possible range of scores from 4 to 16.
- The Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development at Penn State data on the estimated stock of social capital in each US county for the years 1990, 1997, 2005, 2009, and 2014. No contract necessary.https://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/co...al-capital-resources